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Traditionally, sex estimation is performed by means of numerical/tabular data obtained from manual measurement of the bones of interest. However, the success of a set of Artificial Intelligence techniques, known as Deep Learning (DL) [1], in image analysis problems (mainly through convolutional networks) invites the use of such techniques in the estimation of the biological […]

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Comparative radiography is a forensic ID technique based on the comparison of skeletal structures in ante-mortem and postmortem X-ray images. The most commonly employed skeletal structures are located in the skull, chest, and thoracic areas.

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Craniofacial Superimposition (CFS) is probably the most challenging SFI method. It involves the superimposition of an image of a skull with a number of ante-mortem face images of an individual and the analysis of their morphological correspondence.

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Craniofacial landmarks provide the base for forensic ID methods like facial comparison but their location is a manual and time-consuming task, whose results and accuracy are largely defined by the experience of the expert placing them.

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Skeleton·ID has the ability of creating a skull-face overlay (SFO) automatically, provided four or more corresponding landmarks have been located on both the photograph and the skull. This article provides an overview of the technology behind this feature. 

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Performing craniofacial superimposition involves superimposing a 3D model of a skull over an ante-mortem photo showing the face of a certain person. The analyst carrying out the task aims to have the skull overlaying the face of the subject by matching its position, pose and size.